Free access to peanut allergy review

A recent free-access paper has been published reviewing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of peanut allergy. It also discusses future diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.

The paper highlights the variation in statistics for the worldwide prevalence of peanut allergy. In westernized countries, most specifically the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia prevalence is 1-2%. Rates appear to be lower (less than 1%) in other westernized countries. This may reflect differences in the frequency of ingestion of peanuts as well as regional preferences in preparation methods.

Of the 11 peanut allergens under current focus, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are increasingly thought to be the most important. Peanuts are more allergenic than other foods, possibly because seed storage proteins are extremely stable against denaturation from heat, acidity and proteolytic activities. This is coupled with peanut processing methods such as roasting at high temperatures that may also lead to higher allergenicity.

At the end of their review, the authors conclude that our understanding of the risk factors that predispose individuals to peanut allergy is still inadequate, our diagnostic testing is still limited and there are no FDA-approved treatments that can alter the course of this condition.

Reference: Otsu and Deskin, 2011. Discovery Medicine. Vol 12(65). Pp 319-328. This paper can be accessed freely via the Discovery Medicine website.